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DISCLAMER: This function calculates the original National Early Warning Score (NEWS) [1], not NEWS-2 [2]. The scoring rules differ slightly from NEWS-2, specifically in oxygen saturation thresholds and mental status classification.

Usage

The NEWS can be calculated using the news_total() function. This function requires vital parameters as input, which are then scored according to the NEWS criteria. By default return_df is FALSE and can be left out, if set to TRUE the function will return all the inidivual elements of the NEWS score instead of only the totals. Assuming your vital parameters are stored in dataframe df with columns hr, rf, temp, sbp, avpu, gcs, o2supp, and spo2, you can calculate the NEWS score as follows:

result <- news_total <- function(df$hr, df$rf, df$temp, df$sbp, df$avpu, df$gcs, df$o2supp, df$spo2)

By default, the function only returns the total NEWS score, but you can also return the individual components of the NEWS score by setting return_df = TRUE. This will return a dataframe with all the individual components of the NEWS score.

result <- news_total <- function(df$hr, df$rf, df$temp, df$sbp, df$avpu, df$gcs, df$o2supp, df$spo2, return_df = TRUE)

If all eight components scores are missing, the returned total NEWS score will be NA.

Calculations

Heart rate (HR)

Points Criteria (bpm)
0 51–90
1 41–50 OR 91–110
2 111–130
3 ≤ 40 OR ≥ 131

If HR is missing, NA is returned.

Respiratory rate (RR)

Points Criteria (breaths/min)
0 12–20
1 9–11
2 21–24
3 ≤ 8 OR ≥ 25

If RR is missing, NA is returned.

Temperature (Temp)

Points Criteria (°C)
0 36.1–38.0
1 35.1–36.0 OR 38.1–39.0
2 ≥ 39.1
3 ≤ 35.0

If Temp is missing, NA is returned.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Points Criteria (mmHg)
0 111–219
1 101–110
2 91–100
3 ≤ 90 OR ≥ 220

If SBP is missing, NA is returned.

Level of consciousness (AVPU/GCS)

Variables used:

  • AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive, or “D” for “Drowsy”).
  • GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale).

NOTE: AVPU is assessed first. Only if AVPU is missing is GCS used as a substitute.

Points Criteria
0 AVPU = Alert (A) OR GCS = 15
3 AVPU = V, P, U, D OR (AVPU missing AND GCS ≤ 14)

If both AVPU and GCS are missing, NA is returned.

Oxygen supplementation (O2supp)

Points Criteria (binary)
0 No O2 supplementation (value = FALSE)
2 O2 supplementation present (value = TRUE)

If O2supp is missing, NA is returned.

Oxygen saturation (SpO2)

Points Criteria
0 ≥ 96%
1 94–95%
2 92–93%
3 ≤ 91%

If SpO2 is missing, NA is returned.

References

1.
Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS): Standardising the Assessment of Acute-Illness Severity in the NHS. Report of a Working Party.; 2012.
2.
Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2: Standardising the Assessment of Acute-Illness Severity in the NHS. Updated Report of a Working Party.; 2017. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/improving-care/resources/national-early-warning-score-news-2/